参数说明

• SCRIPT : 用于在安装时调用 cmake 脚本文件,即 xxxx.cmake 文件
• CODE : 执行 cmake 指令,要用双引号

INSTALL(CODE "MESSAGE(\"Sample install message.\")")

08.2 案例

08.2.0 操作方法

• a) 命令归纳

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp ..
make
make install

• b) 操作打印

gene@gene:~/00_CMakeLists/cmake-master/08_CustomizeInstall/build$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 7.5.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.5.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/gene/00_CMakeLists/cmake-master/08_CustomizeInstall/build
gene@gene:~/00_CMakeLists/cmake-master/08_CustomizeInstall/build$ make
Scanning dependencies of target customize_install
[ 50%] Building CXX object bin/CMakeFiles/customize_install.dir/Main.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable customize_install
[100%] Built target customize_install
gene@gene:~/00_CMakeLists/cmake-master/08_CustomizeInstall/build$ make install
[100%] Built target customize_install
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Up-to-date: /tmp/CustomizeInstall/copyright
-- Up-to-date: /tmp/CustomizeInstall/readme
-- Up-to-date: /tmp/CustomizeInstall/bin/run_customize_install.sh
-- Up-to-date: /tmp/CustomizeInstall/share/doc
-- Up-to-date: /tmp/CustomizeInstall/share/doc/customize_install_doc.txt
-- Installing: /tmp/CustomizeInstall/bin/customize_install

08.2.1 文件结构

.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── copyright
├── doc
│   └── customize_install_doc.txt
├── readme
├── run_customize_install.sh
└── src├── CMakeLists.txt└── Main.cpp

08.2.2 CMakeLists.txt 文件

• 工程路径下 CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)         # 指定最小CMake版本
project(CustomizeInstall)                   # 指定项目工程名称
add_subdirectory(src bin)                   # 将 src 源文件子目录加入项目中
install(FILES copyright readme DESTINATION CustomizeInstall)    # 将 copyright, readme 这两个文件安装到目录/${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/CustomizeInstall下
install(PROGRAMS run_customize_install.sh DESTINATION CustomizeInstall/bin) # 将 run_customize_install.sh 脚本文件安装到目录/${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/CustomizeInstall/bin下
install(DIRECTORY doc/ DESTINATION CustomizeInstall/share/doc)  # 将 doc/ 目录下所有文件(不包含该目录本身)安装到目录/${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/CustomizeInstall/share/doc下

• src 子目录路径下 CMakeLists.txt

set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)               #设置二进制目标可执行文件存放路径add_executable(customize_install Main.cpp)                          #生成二进制目标可执行文件install(TARGETS customize_install DESTINATION CustomizeInstall/bin) #指定该可执行二进制文件要安装的路径,此处为:/${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/CustomizeInstall/bin

09. CMake设置生成库的属性

   命令set_target_properties可用于设置目标的属性, get_target_properties可用于获得目标的属性。

09.1 格式

09.1.1 设置属性

set_target_properties(target1 target2... properties prop1 value1 prop2 value2 ...)

参数说明

• target1 target2：指定要设置属性的目标
• prop1 value1：指定要设置属性名与属性值,如,OUTPUT_NAME, VERSION, SOVERSION

• 09.1.2 获得属性

get_target_property(VAR target prop)

参数说明

• VAR：获取的属性存放的变量
• target：目标
• prop：要获取的属性名

09.2 案例

09.2.1 文件结构

.
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── src├── CMakeLists.txt├── linear.cpp└── linear.h

09.2.2 CMakeLists.txt 文件

• 工程路径下 CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
project(LibraryProperty)
add_subdirectory(src)

• src 子目录路径下 CMakeLists.txt

set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/lib)  # 设置生成库的存放目录,为编译目录的 lib 子目录add_library(linear SHARED linear.cpp)               # 添加生成动态库目标,目标名为 linea          
add_library(static_linear STATIC linear.cpp)        # 添加生成静态库目标,目标名为 static_linea set_target_properties(static_linear PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "linear")    # 设置静态库目标输出名为 linearget_target_property(OUTPUT_VALUE static_linear OUTPUT_NAME)         # 获取 static_linear 属性值(OUTPUT_NAME)保存至 OUTPUT_VALUE 变量中
message(STATUS "OUTPUT_NAME = ${OUTPUT_VALUE}")                     # 将 OUTPUT_VALUE 变量中的值打印出来 (打印结果:OUTPUT_NAME = linear)get_target_property(UNDEFINE_VALUE static_linear UNDEFINE_NAME)     # 获取 static_linear E未定义属性值(UNDEFINE_NAM)保存至 OUTPUT_VALUE 变量中
message(STATUS "UNDEFINE_NAME = ${UNDEFINE_VALUE}")                 # 将 UNDEFINE_VALUE 变量中的值打印出来,作对比(打印结果:UNDEFINE_NAME = UNDEFINE_VALUE-NOTFOUND)set_target_properties(linear PROPERTIES VERSION 1.0 SOVERSION 1)    # 设置动态库版本号(VERSION)  API号(SOVERSION)install(TARGETS linear static_linear LIBRARY DESTINATION lib ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME}) # 动态库安装到/lib 静态库安装到lib/${PROJECT_NAME}
install(FILES linear.h DESTINATION include/${PROJECT_NAME})         # 头文件安装到/include/${PROJECT_NAME}

10. CMake调用外部库

   命令target_link_libraries 用于调用外部库,为目标添加需要链接的库,命令link_libraries 用于为目标添加需要链接的库的目录,二者结合使用,前者指定具体库名称,后者指定库路径所在目录路径。include_directories 用于添加头文件搜索路径。link_directories 用于添加非系统(非标准)的库搜索路径。。

10.1 格式

命令汇总

target_link_libraries(target lib1  lib2 ...)
include_directories([AFTER | BEFORE] [SYSTEM] dir1 dir2 ...)
link_directories(dir1 dir2 ...)
link_libraries([item1 [item2 [...]]] [[debug | optimized | general] ])

10.1 .1 添加链接库

target_link_libraries(target lib1  lib2 ...)

参数说明

• target：目标二进制文件
• lib1：库名称

添加需要链接外部库示例

target_link_libraries(main linear)
target_link_libraries(main liblinear.so)
target_link_libraries(main liblinear.a)

   该句含义:

• 目标 main 链接到 linear 动态库
• 目标 main 链接到 linear 动态库
• 目标 main 链接到 linear 静态 库

10.1 .2 添加头文件搜索路径

include_directories([AFTER | BEFORE] [SYSTEM] dir1 dir2 ...)

说明

• 多个路径用空格分开,如路径有空格,路径用双引号引起来;
• 默认添加到搜索路径的后面,可通过 AFTER 和 BEFORE 来控制添加到前面还是后面
• CMake 变量 CMAKE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES_BEFORE设置为on 也可把路径添加至前面

10.1 .3 添加非系统(非标准)的库搜索路径

link_directories(dir1 dir2 ...)

说明
   此命令要放在add_executable目标之前, 如, 要放在 add_executable 或 add_library 之前

10.1 .4 添加链接库目录

link_libraries([item1 [item2 [...]]][[debug | optimized | general] ])

说明
   此命令要放在目标之前, 如, 要放在 add_executable 或 add_library 之前, 指定的库要全称

10.2 案例

10.2.1 文件结构

• 工程文件结构

.
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── src├── CMakeLists.txt└── Main.cpp

• 外部库文件结构

.
├── liblinear.so -> liblinear.so.1
├── liblinear.so.1 -> liblinear.so.1.0
├── liblinear.so.1.0
└── LibraryProperty└── liblinear.a

10.2.2 CMakeLists.txt 文件

• 工程路径下 CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
project(ExternalLibrary)
add_subdirectory(src)

• src 子目录路径下 CMakeLists.txt

# 版本1 使用link_libraries 添加动/静态库
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)   # 设置二进制目标文件输出的存放目录,为编译目录的bin子目录
link_libraries(/tmp/lib/liblinear.so)                 # 添加(动态)链接库,注意:全路径, 一定在 add_executable 前面 (无此类似句,会报" undefined reference to `linear_fit()' ... " 错误,即没找到要链接的库)
# link_libraries(/tmp/lib/LibraryProperty/liblinear.a)    # 添加(静态)链接库,注意:全路径, 一定在 add_executable 前面 (无此类似句,会报" undefined reference to `linear_fit()' ... " 错误,即没找到要链接的库)
add_executable(ExternalLibrary Main.cpp)                # 添加二进制目标,依赖 Main.cpp 
include_directories(/tmp/include/LibraryProperty)       # 添加对应头文件的目录  (无此句,会报"No such file or directory ..." 错误,即没找到对应头文件)#版本2 使用target_link_libraries链接静态库
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)   # 设置二进制目标文件输出的存放目录,为编译目录的bin子目录link_directories(/tmp/lib/LibraryProperty)            # 添加静态库对应的目录,注意:在 add_executable前面!!(因该路径下只有静态库,虽 target_link_libraries 指定动态库,实际结果也会是静态库)
# link_directories(/tmp/lib)                              # 添加动态库对应的目录,注意:在 add_executable前面!!(虽该路径下有含静态库的目录LibraryProperty,但依旧会报错,即此时 target_link_libraries 链接不到静态库)
add_executable(ExternalLibrary Main.cpp)                # 添加二进制目标,依赖 Main.cpp 
include_directories(/tmp/include/LibraryProperty)       # 添加对应头文件的目录  (无此句,会报"No such file or directory ..." 错误,即没找到对应头文件)
target_link_libraries(ExternalLibrary liblinear.a)    # 添加链接(静态)库,注意:在 add_executable后面  (无此类似句,会报" undefined reference to `linear_fit()' ... " 错误,即没找到要链接的库)#版本3 使用target_link_libraries链接动态库
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)   # 设置二进制目标文件输出的存放目录,为编译目录的bin子目录link_directories(/tmp/lib)                              # 添加动态库对应的目录,注意:在 add_executable前面!!
add_executable(ExternalLibrary Main.cpp)                # 添加二进制目标,依赖 Main.cpp 
include_directories(/tmp/include/LibraryProperty)       # 添加对应头文件的目录  (无此句,会报"No such file or directory ..." 错误,即没找到对应头文件)
target_link_libraries(ExternalLibrary liblinear.so)      # 添加链接(动态)库,注意:在 add_executable后面  (无此类似句,会报" undefined reference to `linear_fit()' ... " 错误,即没找到要链接的库)