前言：

 由于公司业务服务器大部分都在内网环境下运行，内网环境无法直接使用yum安装升级更新软件，所以需要自建Yum源来满足目前日常工作需要。

YUM 常用命令参数：

yum makecache             #构建缓存yum check-update          #列出所有可更新的软件清单命令yum list all              #列出所有已安装及可安装的软件包yum provides ifconfig     #列出ifconfig命令是那个软件包提供的yum grouplist             #查询可以用安装的组yum update                #内核升级或者更新所有软件(*谨慎使用*)yum update nginx          #仅更新指定的nginx软件包yum -y install nginx      #安装nginx软件包yum search nginx          #YUM搜索nginx软件包yum list httpd            #显示指定程序包安装情况nginxyum remove httpd          #删除程序包nginxyum erase httpd           #删除程序包httpdyum update httpd          #升级httpd 服务yum clean all             #清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的 headers

基于ISO系统镜像包来构建本地YUM源：

1.添加YUM源配置文件

[root@centos ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/iso.repo 
[ios]
name=iso
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7      #指定挂载目录下的GPG-KEY文件验证

2.挂载光盘步骤

[root@centos ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/     #挂载光盘
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only[root@centos ~]# df -h         #查看挂载情况
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1        20G  1.6G   18G   8% /
devtmpfs        901M     0  901M   0% /dev
tmpfs           912M  9.0M  903M   1% /run
tmpfs           912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2       197M  121M   77M  62% /boot
tmpfs           183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
dev/sr0        4.3G  4.3G     0 100% /mnt          #挂载的ISO系统镜像包

3.开启开机自启动挂载

• 方式一：vim /etc/fstab
• 方式二：vim /etc/rc.local

添加内容：/dev/cdrom /mnt       iso9660          defaults   0 0[root@centos ~]# cat /etc/fstab |grep iso9660       #在/etc/fstab文件中添加
/dev/cdrom /mnt       iso9660          defaults   0 0添加内容：/dev/cdrom /mnt[root@centos ~]# cat /etc/rc.local |grep /mnt       #在/etc/rc.local文件中添加
/dev/cdrom /mnt

基于RPM包来构建本地Yum源：

httpd：使用http协议来搭建本地Yum源

createrepo：用于生成yum源各软件之间的依赖索引

yum-utils：安装后可使用 yumdownloader、reposync等命令下载所需软件包

1.下载网络Yum源中的RPM软件包

[root@centos ~]# yum -y install httpd yum-utils createrepo     #安装几个必须要的软件包[root@centos ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/centos6/       #创建RPM软件包下载存放目录[root@centos ~]# ls /var/www/html/
centos6[root@centos ~]# ss -antulp | grep :80        #查看httpd服务运行情况（Yum源通过http服务来搭建，需要启动httpd服务）
tcp    LISTEN     0      128                   :::80                   :::*      users:(("httpd",1952,6),("httpd",4551,6),("httpd",4552,6),("httpd",4553,6),("httpd",4554,6),("httpd",4555,6),("httpd",4556,6),("httpd",4557,6),("httpd",4558,6))[root@centos ~]# yum repolist         #查看网络Yum源情况（自行配置想要下载的网络Yum源）
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
仓库标识                               仓库名称                                                      状态
extras                                 Qcloud centos extras - x86_64                                    47
os                                     Qcloud centos os - x86_64                                     6,713
updates                                Qcloud centos updates - x86_64                                1,169
repolist: 7,929[root@centos ~]# reposync -r extras -p /var/www/html/centos6/     #根据网络Yum源的仓库标识，下载Yum源中的所有RPM软件包到文件夹
[extras: 1     of 47    ] Downloading Packages/bakefile-0.2.8-3.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm
bakefile-0.2.8-3.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm                                             | 250 kB     00:00
[extras: 2     of 47    ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-azure-1.0-2.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
centos-release-azure-1.0-2.el6.centos.noarch.rpm                                   | 4.0 kB     00:00
[extras: 3     of 47    ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-cr-6-0.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm
centos-release-cr-6-0.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm                                        | 3.9 kB     00:00
[extras: 4     of 47    ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-gluster-legacy-3.10-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
centos-release-gluster-legacy-3.10-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm                         | 4.6 kB     00:00
[extras: 5     of 47    ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-1.el6.centos.noarch.rpm                          | 4.9 kB     00:00
[extras: 6     of 47    ] Downloading Packages/centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-3.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
centos-release-gluster-legacy-4.0-3.el6.centos.noarch.rpm                          | 5.1 kB     00:00
...
...  [root@vos7 ~]# reposync -r updates -p /var/www/html/centos6/    #下载网络Yum源仓库标识updates中所有的RPM软件包
[updates: 1     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm
389-ds-base-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm                                                        | 1.5 MB     00:00
[updates: 2     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm
389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm                                                    | 148 kB     00:00
[updates: 3     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm
389-ds-base-devel-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 148 kB     00:00
[updates: 4     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm
389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.i686.rpm                                                     | 450 kB     00:00
[updates: 5     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm
389-ds-base-libs-1.2.11.15-97.el6_10.x86_64.rpm                                                   | 446 kB     00:00
[updates: 6     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/adcli-0.8.1-3.el6_10.x86_64.rpm
adcli-0.8.1-3.el6_10.x86_64.rpm                                                                   | 100 kB     00:00
[updates: 7     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.1.x86_64.rpm
autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.1.x86_64.rpm                                                              | 730 kB     00:00
[updates: 8     of 1169  ] Downloading Packages/autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.x86_64.rpm
autofs-5.0.5-140.el6_10.x86_64.rpm                                                                | 730 kB     00:00
...
...             

2.生成Yum源repodata索引依赖

[root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/     #查看从网络Yum源下载的所有RPM包（会根据仓库标识下载到相关的文件夹）
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10月 31 14:28 extras
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10月 31 14:28 os
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 10月 31 13:14 updates[root@centos ~]# createrepo /var/www/html/centos6/extras/     #生成extras仓库的repodata索引依赖
Spawning worker 0 with 47 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete[root@centos ~]# createrepo /var/www/html/centos6/os/   #生成os仓库的repodata索引依赖
Spawning worker 0 with 6713 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete[root@centos ~]# createrepo /var/www/html/centos6/updates   ##生成updates仓库的repodata索引依赖
Spawning worker 0 with 1169 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete

 3.在Packages同级目录中可以看到生成的repodata索引目录

[root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/extras/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 31 14:28 Packages
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 31 17:02 repodata[root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/os/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 491520 10月 31 14:59 Packages
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 10月 31 17:04 repodata[root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/updates/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 102400 10月 31 13:41 Packages
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 10月 31 17:11 repodata[root@centos ~]# ll /var/www/html/centos6/extras/repodata/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15328 10月 31 17:02 1ed5ff978f03e8fcf39583179c7f9985dd8750070c91bbe7d1352352ccdd59ee-other.sqlite.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31139 10月 31 17:02 6da60a601f4110345fe68378f9d645de44fd0c15c69920d12158edb117ce6dca-primary.sqlite.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19175 10月 31 17:02 858ad62599b6ab53cec5925757610c9b0c27f9f945e10d83f73649907222b304-filelists.xml.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15164 10月 31 17:02 a6e80104250eaf5059025683e2e1a20cfdc5be28ca826f777b5565133c6097e5-primary.xml.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26118 10月 31 17:02 ae6f61c5aea047a4dca9ea8a04f9b1cac9a74c93fc97f1691fe109c8d0d07f26-filelists.sqlite.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9129 10月 31 17:02 dd8378435f46ef4730b55355947f224f69d1a16184ddbb4f3cf9aa6f2f459bfc-other.xml.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2993 10月 31 17:02 repomd.xml

4.备份原Yum源配置文件，创建新Yum源配置文件

[root@centos ~]# vi /root/centos6.repo
[extras]         #yum源的ID，本地唯一，用于区分不同yum源
name=extras      #描述信息
baseurl=http://192.168.1.36/centos6/extras  #前面的http://是协议，后面的/centos6/extras是yum源包路径
gpgcheck=0       #值为1表示用公钥验证rpm包的正确性，值为0表示不验证
enabled=1        #值为1表示启用yum源，值为0表示禁用yum源
[os]
name=extras
baseurl=http://192.168.1.36/centos6/os
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[updates]
name=uodates
baseurl=http://192.168.1.36/centos6/updates
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

 注意：baseurl 可以使用file 、ftp或http，目录路径要写到Package和repodata的目录。

测试验证自建的本地Yum源

[root@centos ~]# yum clean all
Cleaning repos: extras os updates
清理一切
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors[root@centos ~]# yum makecache
Determining fastest mirrors
extras                                                                                        | 2.9 kB     00:00
extras/filelists_db                                                                           |  26 kB     00:00
extras/primary_db                                                                             |  30 kB     00:00
extras/other_db                                                                               |  15 kB     00:00
os                                                                                            | 2.9 kB     00:00
os/filelists_db                                                                               | 6.4 MB     00:00
os/primary_db                                                                                 | 4.7 MB     00:00
os/other_db                                                                                   | 2.8 MB     00:00
updates                                                                                       | 3.0 kB     00:00
updates/filelists_db                                                                          |  12 MB     00:00
updates/primary_db                                                                            |  14 MB     00:00
updates/other_db                                                                              | 697 kB     00:00
元数据缓存已建立[root@centos ~]# yum repolist
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
仓库标识                                                仓库名称                                                状态
extras                                                  extras                                                     47
os                                                      extras                                                  6,713
updates                                                 uodates                                                 1,169
repolist: 7,929

 可以看到我们基于RPM包来构建的本地Yum源已经完成了。

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